Chapter 10 addresses the minimal state’s lack of appeal and inspiration compared to utopian ideals and sets off on an exploration of utopian theory.

The Model

In this section, Nozick explores the inherent contradictions in the conditions required for a utopia. He argues that it is impossible for society to realize all social and political goods simultaneously and consistently. He suggests that the pursuit of the best possible world is inherently subjective and dependent on individual perspectives.

Additionally, he notes that the concept of utopia is further complicated by the incorporation of individual autonomy and freedom. Nozick presents a hypothetical scenario in which individuals create their ideal worlds, with the option for others to join or leave these worlds based on their preferences. This model leads to the creation of associations—spaces that people can leave whenever they want for another that they think is better—and “east-berlins”—spaces that some inhabitants are forbidden from leaving.

Nozick then speculates on the nature of stable associations. Stable associations are those that nobody wants to leave because they offer each member enough value to prevent them from doing so. This value does not necessarily equate to material or economic benefits; it could be derived from the social and communal aspects of the association.