John Dewey (1859–1952) was an American philosopher and psychologist. Dewey’s work focused on the relationship between practical, empirical experience and formal learning. This interest is one of the main themes in this book.

Dewey was born in Vermont and studied at the University of Vermont and John Hopkins University, specializing in both psychology and philosophy. Subsequently, he also taught psychology. Dewey was interested in pedagogy and educational reform as is evident from this text.

Dewey was a prolific author who penned dozens of articles and books on psychology and philosophy. His works are typically divided into 37 volumes, The Early Works, 1882–1898, The Middle Works, 1899–1924, and The Later Works. Dewey’s texts on philosophy include Leibniz's New Essays Concerning the Human Understanding (1888), Philosophy and Civilization (1931). "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" (1896), The Child and the Curriculum (1902), Moral Principles in Education (1909), and Human Nature and Conduct: An Introduction to Social Psychology (1922) are some examples of his works in the field of psychology.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher. He is viewed as one of the most important thinkers in the Western intellectual tradition. A student of Plato and a teacher to Alexander the Great, Aristotle was also the key philosopher to shape Medieval