Historically, and in the novel, women are more likely to accuse other women of being witches. For example, Catherine and Goody Howland are central to Mary’s eventual trial. In what ways do such women reflect an internalization of Puritan gender ideology? Why?

How are ideals of masculinity and femininity presented in the novel? How do Mary and the other characters conform to, or diverge from, these ideals and expectations?

Mary frequently denies herself pleasures, often feeling guilty for exploring her sexuality or looking at pretty things. What role does feminine desire play in the novel, particularly in contrast to the Puritan lifestyle? What is the wider significance of desire in the text?