This practice of creating fake grassroots support for a cause, politician, or idea, is often done by using fake accounts, paid supporters, or bots to create the illusion of widespread public support, thus manipulating public opinion.

This term describes the imbalance of power in online conflicts, where powerful entities, such as governments or corporations, use subtle and often deceptive tactics typically associated with smaller, less powerful groups to manipulate public opinion and disseminate disinformation.

Citizen journalism refers to the practice of ordinary citizens actively participating in the gathering, reporting, and dissemination of news and information. Ressa highlights the importance of citizen journalism in exposing truth, holding those in power accountable, and strengthening democracy.