The primary theme throughout Iqbal is the importance of coming together to escape oppression. It is difficult for people to escape oppressive conditions on their own, and this concept is embodied in the plot of the novel. When Iqbal is brought into the workshop, he brings hope to the children, and this newfound optimism, combined with Iqbal’s determination, unites the bonded workers. Once they are united, they are able to stand up to their oppressor.

Fatima’s description of the carpet factory in Chapter 1 depicts the children as disconnected. The children separate themselves from one another, form cliques, and bully each other. Fatima admits that she takes part in bullying the so-called numskulls who are not yet able to keep up with the demands of life in the carpet factory. Fatima, too, is ostracized and mocked by the other children. Due to her strong sense of self-preservation, Fatima is a hard worker who does not complain, and she is liked by Hussain, who does not punish her, calls her “my little Fatima,” and pats her head (12). Hussain’s special attention and the fact that Fatima has never been in the Tomb creates jealousy among the children.