With this struggle behind her, Erauso decided to leave La Plata and head for Charcas. While there, she met Juan López de Arguijo again and was put in control of another set of enslaved people and llamas. She was successful in this business until one day in Charcas when she argued with a merchant while gambling, with each calling the other a “cuckold.” On her way home, the merchant attacked her with a sword. Erauso killed him and fled to a cathedral before she could be arrested. From there, she fled toward Piscobamba.

In Piscobamba, Erauso stayed with a friend for a few days. While there, she played cards with a Portuguese man who made a joke about her being a cuckold. They began to fight but were quickly broken apart. Three days later, she was attacked by the Portuguese man, and she quickly killed him. The next morning, the local sheriff jailed Erauso and was intent on hanging her, but a letter came from La Plata that ordered a postponement of her execution and a trial at the Royal Court. In La Plata, the only eyewitness admitted that he had been bribed to testify against Erauso, so she was acquitted.