“The questions which one asks oneself begin, at last, to illuminate the world, and become one’s key to the experience of others. One can only face in others what one can face in oneself.”

This quotation forms the basis of Baldwin’s theme of The Importance of Self-Examination and Self-Knowledge. Baldwin believes the United States has a unique opportunity to provide a path forward for nations who rely on racial discrimination, violence, and colonization. He views self-examination as the necessary ingredient for ensuring that the movement is effective and lasting. Racism relies on a lack of self-awareness and a willful ignorance to survive. Self-reflection strips racism of its power.

“American writers do not have a fixed society to describe. The only society they know is one in which nothing is fixed and in which the individual must fight for his identity.”

Many of Baldwin’s essays center on the theme of The Complexities of Identity. Baldwin left the United States to seek his own identity, one independent of the color of his skin. In this passage, Baldwin argues that the work of discovering and fighting for one’s own identity is the work of being an American.

“The well-being of the colonized is desirable only insofar as this well-being enriches the dominant country, the necessity of which is simply to remain dominant.”

In this quotation, Baldwin highlights an important aspect of White Colonialism and Racism. He reacts to the many well-intentioned arguments of white leaders who suggest that they are against colonialism and care about equality. He proposes that progress is often related to convenience and benefit. The administration of equality or social change are only accepted if they contribute to the benefit of a white majority.