Through Binh and other characters, the novel explores issues related to identity—in particular, sexuality and race. Paris in the 1920s was relatively accepting of gay culture, especially compared to other parts of the world. The city was a hub for artistic and literary innovation, attracting a diverse and vibrant expatriate community, including many LGBTQ+ individuals. In the bohemian neighborhoods of Montmartre and Montparnasse, gay and lesbian artists, writers, and intellectuals found a more tolerant and open environment.

Cafés, salons, and clubs in Paris often served as meeting places where LGBTQ+ people could socialize more freely. Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, whose fictionalized story features in the novel, were leading figures in this movement, as were others, such as the French writer Jean Cocteau and the American artist Djuna Barnes. All these figures contributed to the city’s queer culture. This acceptance, however, was limited to certain social circles and identities, as Binh experiences while in Paris. Though there was more freedom of expression at this time, there were still societal prejudices, particularly those that intersected with class and race.

Binh has a complicated relationship with his sexuality. He is comfortable enough to bed several men and rejects the idea of conversion therapy as nonsense out of hand.