Although computerized dating services have been used since the advent of the internet, online dating has been revolutionized in recent years by the use of mobile dating applications such as Tinder, Grindr, Bumble, and Hinge. These apps use location-based algorithms to match users with potential romantic partners in their area. After creating a profile featuring photos, bios, and interests, users “swipe” through profiles and “like” the users with whom they’re interested in connecting. On most apps, mutual likes lead to matches, opening conversation up for both partners. Many of these apps are designed for specific demographics. Grindr, for example, is aimed primarily at gay male users, while Bumble aims to protect female users from unwanted harassment by prohibiting male users from messaging first.

With millions of users worldwide, these platforms have become a staple of modern dating culture, making it easier and faster than ever to meet people with shared interests and lifestyles. Thirty percent of American adults have used dating apps, and ten percent of currently partnered adults met their significant other via a dating app (Vogels, Emily A. and McClain, Colleen. “Key Findings about Online Dating in the US.” Pew Research Center, 2 Feb. 2023). However, the anonymity and access dating apps provide also creates opportunity for harassment and violence.