Rasselas engages in philosophical discussions with scholars, sharing the story of the hermit who chose solitude for peace but later planned to return to society due to dissatisfaction. Reactions are mixed: Some scholars argue the hermit’s solitude was folly, while others debate the moral implications of withdrawing from society. Criticizing complex philosophical debates, one scholar suggests that happiness lies in living in harmony with nature; he cites the instinct-driven lives of animals, free from human anxieties, and advocates understanding natural relationships and acting in accordance with the world’s inherent order. However, Rasselas finds these abstract explanations confusing and realizes that the philosopher’s principles are difficult to grasp in practical terms. This leaves him contemplative and uncertain about the true path to happiness.

Rasselas and Nekayah decide to continue their quest for happiness by exploring different aspects of life. Rasselas focuses on the life of courts and power, believing happiness might be found in authority and influence. Nekayah investigates whether happiness lies in the simplicity and modesty of middle fortune.

Rasselas investigates whether true happiness can be found in high political office. At the court of the Bassa, he observes the appealing aspects of power—being revered and capable of significant influence.