Upon entering the Great Pyramid, Imlac, Rasselas, and their group explore its vast structure, including extensive galleries and marble vaults. They rest in a spacious chamber, reflecting on the pyramid’s significance. Imlac compares the pyramid to the Great Wall of China, noting the latter’s clear defensive purpose, while the pyramid’s purpose seems less practical. He suggests that such monumental structures symbolize the emptiness of wealth and power without deeper fulfillment. He highlights that the pyramids, as grand achievements, reflect humanity’s desire to cope with mortality and the limitations of worldly pleasures.

Returning from the pyramid, the group finds their camp in disarray: Arabs kidnapped Pekuah and her maids while the others explored the pyramid. The attackers nearly abducted more people but were thwarted by Turkish horsemen. Despite the intervention, the Turks could not catch the Arabs. Nekayah, consumed with grief for her missing friend, faces Rasselas’s anger and desire for immediate action. Imlac advises against rash pursuits, noting their slim chances of success and the potential danger. The group struggles with their shock, planning their next steps cautiously amid the uncertainty of Pekuah’s fate.