In The Location of Culture, Bhabha positions the theme of negotiating cultural identity and hybridity as central to the postcolonial experience. He focuses on how colonial encounters disrupt fixed identities and generate new, hybrid forms of cultural expression. His conception of hybridity challenges traditional notions of pure, homogenous cultural identities, proposing instead that cultural identities are always in flux and shaped by interaction, negotiation, and resistance. Identities, Bhabha argues, are created and negotiated in interstitial spaces—the “in-between” spaces where cultures collide.

Bhabha conceptualizes hybridity somewhat differently than traditional notions of it, defining it as the third space where different cultures come together and produce something new. He uses this concept to challenge the binary thinking that often underpins colonial relationships (e.g., colonizer versus colonized, civilized versus primitive, or modern versus traditional). Cultures interacting with one another do not merge into a homogenous whole but rather generate new identities and cultural meanings that aren’t fully one or the other. 

Identity is constantly re-negotiated through a process of comparison to the Other, and cultures are represented through iteration and translation in reference to the Other. Bhabha argues that this “erases any essentialist claims for the inherent authenticity or purity of cultures which, when inscribed in the naturalistic sign of symbolic consciousness frequently become political arguments for the hierarchy and ascendancy of powerful cultures” (83-4).