Gottschall begins with a personal dream, filled with intense emotion and imagery. Dreams, often intricate and emotionally charged, are proposed to function much like simulations, similar to how stories in literature or films simulate real-life experiences. The narrative structure of dreams often mirrors that of stories, centering on a protagonist who faces challenges or desires. This universality in dreams and their structured nature raises questions about their purpose and origin.

Historically, dreams have been interpreted as messages, either spiritual or psychological. However, modern science, particularly through the discovery of mirror neurons, provides a new perspective. These neurons activate not only when someone is performing an action but also when they are witnessing one, suggesting a neurological basis for empathy and the intense, realistic experiences we feel during dreams.

Dreams may serve multiple purposes: they could aid in memory processing, emotional therapy, or even mental rehearsal for real-life situations. Contrary to some theories that dismiss dreams as mere byproducts of brain activity (labeled as Random Activation Theory or RAT), evidence suggests that dreams might be evolutionarily adaptive. They are not only human phenomena but are also observed across various species, indicating their evolutionary importance.